-On February 1, Jacob Oberholzer (1620-dies after 1683) is born; he is a son of MARTI Oberholzer; he marries (January 27, 1646) Anna Buchman (born c 1626) of Mettmenstetten, a daughter of Anabaptist Casper and Vreni nee Wyss Buchman; they have five children: Hans Jacob, Samuel, Regel, Barbara, Johannes; they emigrate (1657) from Wald, Switzerland to Germany; Jacob is a Wiedertauffer (1663) at Immelhausenhoff

-In this year, Hans Heinrich Oberholzer is born in Aa, Wald, Zurich, Switzerland (dies before October 26, 1669); he is a son of MARTI Oberholzer and the twin of MARX Oberholzer; he marries Elsbeth Kindlimann (born c 1641); he does NOT emigrate from Wald, Switzerland; following his death, younger brother Martin returns to Wald to marry (October 26, 1669) widow Elsbeth Kindlimann

-On May 5, Martin Oberholzer is born in Aa, Wald, Zurich, Switzerland (dies January 22, 1711); he is a son of MARTI Oberholzer; he emigrates(1657 and 1663) from Wald, Switzerland to Germany; he marries 1st (November 11, 1662) Margaretha Reiman; he marries 2nd in Wald (October 26, 1669) Elsbeth Kindlimann Oberholzer (born c 1641), widow of his older brother Hans Heinrich Oberholzer; Martin dies (1711) in the Palatinate, Germany

-Six sons of MARTI Oberholzer emigrate to Germany: Jacob, Samuel, Hans Jagli, MARX, Matheus, Martin

-MARX Oberholzer (1633-1680) emigrates (1657) to Buhenauerhof, Germany, near Sinsheim; he lives (1660) at Immelhauserhof; he is (1661) Keeper of the Immelhauserhof; he marries Margaret/Barbary Dobler/Tobler; he fathers five children: Catherine, MARCUS, Hans Jagli/Jacob, Martin, Anna; he is buried (1680) at the Buschenhoff in Hilsbach [today's Baden] without singing or bells; widow Margaret Dobler immigrates to America with sons MARCUS, Hans Jagli/Jacob, Martin

-Karen's Note: Somewhere during emigrations from Switzerland to Germany, or from Germany through the Netherlands to England, the family surname changes from Oberholzer to Oberholtzer. By the time the families settle in America, there are many other spellings (e.g., Oberholser, Oberholtz, Overholser, Overhulser, Overholtz, Overholts, and Overholt). There are even some spellings that do not even look like the originals (e.g., Oberheuser, Uberholtzer, VanHulser, Atherholt and Obold).

-Secret Treaty of Dover is signed (June 1) between England's Charles II and Louis XIV of France; the treaty intends to restore Roman Catholicism to England and join France in a war against the Dutch Republic, instigating the Third Anglo-Dutch War
-Hudson's Bay Company is founded and commences to control the fur trading business through much of British-controlled North America; over time, it becomes the oldest commercial corporation in North America

-The 6th child, MARTIN Oberholtzer (1709-1744) is born, either "thirty miles from Frankfort-on-the-Main" on the journey from Germany to England and brought by his family with the Jacob Wismer (1684-1787) movement OR he was born in England after his family arrived

-[MC] MARCUS Oberholtzer (c1664-1726) immigrates (1710) with his family to America on the ship Mary Hope; they live in Coventry Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania

-The 7th child of [MC] MARCUS Oberholtzer, namely Henry Oberholtzer/Overholdser, is born (1713) in America; The Oberholtzer Book identifies this Henry Oberholtzer as [MC2]; subsequent research identifies him as the seventh child of [MC] MARCUS Oberholtzer, who was born in America

-Karen's Note: Recent research by the Overholser Family Association indicates MARTIN should be designated MC6, rather than MC7 (as per The Oberholtzer Book, published in 1995 by the OFA), because MARTIN was the sixth child of MARCUS, not the seventh. This would require adjustments to the whole MC line, but genealogists do not seem inclined to make such extensive changes, once they have identified a person with an alpha-numeric designation.

-Karen's Note: Continuing as mentioned above, HENRICH Oberholtzer (aka Henry Overholt) should be designated MC62, not MC72. If this change is initiated, all the numerical designations in this family line could be affected, but genealogists do not seem inclined to make such extensive changes, once an alpha-numerical designation has been made.

-Agnes marries (date unknown) William Nash; she raises William's five children from two marriages (Elise/Alice, Ann, Katherine) and (William, Magdalena/Madaline), plus her four surviving Oberholtzer children (Barbara, HENRICH, Maria, Martin) and brings another four Nash children into the world (Elizabeth, Joseph, Benjamin, d. young, Abraham)

-Note from Barbara B. Ford's The Oberholtzer Book: "We will never know how many Oberholtzers are buried in the Deep Run Mennonite Cemetery, Bucks Co because there are many fieldstone markers that are either broken or illegible. 'OH' has been used as a mark for Oberholtzer and in the cemetery there are at least 11 stones, from 1758-1801, which probably belong to the family."

-General Braddock is defeated by the French and Indians from Fort Duquesne; Braddock is killed

-Young George Washington takes command of the remaining army, leading their retreat from the area

-As Postmaster General of all the colonies, Benjamin Franklin was empowered to contract for hire 150 wagons, each with teams of four horses, and 1500 saddle or pack-horses; he advertised for and contracted German-speaking and English-speaking teamsters to transport food and supplies to Braddock's army; teamsters supplied their own wagons, teams of horses, horses with pack saddles and single horses without saddles, along with supplies of "oats, Indian corn or other forage"; Franklin promised that on no account would the teamsters be called upon "to do the duty of soldiers"; the mission was hazardous and dangerous, especially during attacks by Indians; among the names of the teamsters were Overholtzer, Graff, Schank, Hartmann, Brenhar, Huffman, Rohrer, Willheim, Bricker, Mummau, Meyer, Schnavley, Bauer, Schulz

-Second Continental Congress is convened (May 10) in Philadelphia, PA; delegates from the 13 British colonies manage the colonial war effort and move towards independence by raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats and making formal treaties
-George Washington is appointed commanding general of the Continental Army, upon a June 14 vote of the Congress to create the army with units of militia around Boston

-HENRICH Oberholtzer (1739-1813), later known as HENRY OVERHOLT, serves in Capt. McHenry's Company, Bedminster Township, Bucks County; about 16 men named Overholt are listed on the muster rolls of Bucks County, Pennsylvania

-Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis raids Virginia (summer 1781), nearly capturing Governor Thomas Jefferson; during this time, a small Continental force led by the Marquis de Lafayette is watching Cornwallis' army

-General Washington links up with the French army of Lieutenant General Jean-Baptiste Ponton de Rochambeau, creating a combined force that threatens Cornwallis

-British Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton orders Cornwallis to move to a deep-water port where his men could embark for New York; Cornwallis moves his army to Yorktown to await transport; Lafayette, now with 5,000 men, takes up a position at Williamsburg

-General Washington receives news that Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse plans to bring a French fleet to the Chesapeake; seeing an opportunity, he and Rochambeau leave a small blocking force near New York and embark on a secret march with the bulk of the army

-The French fleet rack up a naval victory at the Battle of the Chesapeake, allowing the French to blockade the mouth of the bay, which prevents Cornwallis and his army from escaping by ship

-Uniting at Williamsburg, the combined Franco-American army arrives outside Yorktown (September 28); deploying around the town, the force begins to build siege lines (October 5/6), while a smaller force is dispatched to Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown, to pen in a British garrison

-Cornwallis' army is outnumbered more than 2 to 1; the British lines take artillery fire; Cornwallis still hopes for aid from Lieutenant General Clinton

-The Franco-American army captures two key redoubts, then builds a second siege line closer to Cornwallis' position

-Cornwallis again sends to Clinton for help, then attempts to break out (October 16), but to no success; that night he begins shifting men to Gloucester with the goal of escaping north, but a storm scatters their boats, the operation ending in failure; the next day, Cornwallis begins surrender negotiations, which are concluded two days later

-Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown (October 19), a capitulation effectively decides the war in favor of the Americans

-Since colonial times, United States law protects trademarks under state common law

-On April 19, ABRAHAM Overholt (1784-1870) is born in Buck’s County, Pennsylvania; he is the 10th of twelve children born to HENRICH Oberholtzer (1739-1813) and Anna Beitler (1745-1835) and the first of his siblings to be a born citizen of the fledgling United States of America; at age 16, he emigrates (1800) with his family and extended family to Westmoreland County, Western Pennsylvania; he marries (April 20, 1809) Maria Stauffer (1791-1874), and they have eight children: Henry S., Anna S., Jacob S., ABRAHAM S., Elizabeth S., Martin S., Christian S., John S.

-Karen's Note: Karen's direct line is from Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) to Abraham Stauffer Overholt (1817-1863), George Washington Overholt (1845-1908), George Frederick Overholt (1892-1966) and her father, (Arthur) Frederic John Overholt (1924-1985).

-Piracy against American shipping in the Mediterranean begins (October 11) when the brigantine Betsey is seized by Moroccan pirates; the Spanish government negotiates the release of the captured ship and crew, then advises the Americans to offer tribute to the pirates to avoid further attacks; U.S. Minister to France, Thomas Jefferson, sends envoys to Morocco and Algeria; Morocco signs a treaty with the U.S. (June 23, 1786), ending all Moroccan piracy against American shipping interests, but Algeria does not do likewise

-President Washington issues a Whiskey Rebellion Proclamation, ordering the insurgents to go home and calling out a militia; Washington rides to Western Pennsylvania with 13,000 militia troops as far as Bedford, issues orders to General Lee and starts back to Philadelphia; with the arrest of about 150 rebels on the night of November 13, the Whiskey Rebellion officially ends; the excise tax on whiskey ends in 1801

-U.S. Navy is recommissioned, increasing American firepower on the seas and making it possible for the U.S. to refuse to pay tribute to the Barbary Coast states

-HENRICH Oberholtzer/Henry Overholt (1739-1813) sells his Bucks County farm and homestead, then moves his family and extended family from Bucks County to the "wild lands" of Westmoreland County; they are reported to be the first family to travel West in a train of Conestoga wagons; the company includes Henrich's wife, five sons, seven daughters, five sons-in-law, two daughters-in-law and 13 grandchildren, "together with a great quantity of goods and chattels;" the journey is 300 miles long

-ABRAHAM Overholt (1784-1870) is 16 years old and a well-trained weaver from a family and extended family of weavers

-HENRICH Oberholtzer's wagon train reaches East Huntingdon Township in the summer of 1800; using money gained from the sale of their properties in Bucks County, the families purchase farms and/or take possession of farms already arranged for purchase and settle into their new environment; they create a community named "Overton" and Henrich's "Overton Farm" is the familial hub of the community

-The Second Great Awakening gains momentum

-Karen's Note: Finley's bridge is less than a mile from "Overton Farm"

-Religious Revival draws 10,000-25,000 people to Cane Ridge, Kentucky
-Congress passes naval legislation that, among other things, provides for six frigates officered and manned as the President of the United States directed; in the event of a declaration of war on the United States by the Barbary powers, the ships are charged to protect U.S. commerce and "chastise their insolence" by sinking, burning or destroying their ships and vessels, wherever they are found
-Upon the inauguration of President Jefferson, Tripoli demands $225,000 from the new administration; Jefferson refuses the demand, resulting in the Barbary powers cutting down the flagstaff in front of the U.S. Consulate, thus declaring war on the United States in the customary Barbary manner; Algiers and Tunis do not follow suit
-Jefferson sends a small force to the Barbary Coast area to protect American ships and citizens against potential aggression; later, Congress authorizes the President to instruct the commanders of armed American vessels to seize all vessels and goods of the Pasha of Tripoli, and to further act as justified by a state of war
-After a fierce battle, the American schooner USS Enterprise defeats (on August 1) the Tripoli, a 14-gun Tripolitan corsair

-Under the command of American Commodore Edward Preble, the U.S. Navy maintains a blockage of the Barbary ports throughout the year, executing a campaign of raids and attacks against the fleets of those cities
-Louisiana Purchase brings a vast stretch of North America into the United States; challenging the limits of the Constitution, President Jefferson goes ahead with the purchase from France, buying 828,000 square miles for less than 3 cents per acre; the transaction removes the presence of the French in the region, protects U.S. trade access to the port of New Orleans and gains free passage on the Mississippi River; the territory eventually becomes all or part of 15 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces
-In Europe, the ongoing struggle between the British and the French leads to a British Navy policy of impressing British citizens for service on their ships; the policy is extended to boarding neutral ships and includes removing American sailors from American ships, claiming, "Once an Englishman, always an Englishman;" the American government protests repeatedly, but lacks the military power to halt the transgressions

-Karen's Note: Karen's direct line from master distiller Abraham Overholt comes through son Abraham Stauffer Overholt (1817-1863), followed by George Washington Overholt (1845-1908), George Frederick Overholt (1892-1966) and (Arthur) Frederic John Overholt (1924-1985)

-On December 25, Congress replaces the Embargo Act with the Non-Intercourse Act, allowing overseas trade, but not with Britain and France; this act also fails to change the situation in Europe or the policies of Britain or France

-On August 10, Henry Stauffer Overholt (1810-1870) is born at "Overton Farm;" he is a son and first child of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) and Maria Stauffer (1791-1874); he marries (1846) Abigail Carpenter (1824-1898); they have seven children: Sarah Ann, Benjamin Franklin, Maria C., Abigail C., Abraham C., Henry C., Jennie C.

-Karen's Note: Henry's dates match the years Abraham Overholt was involved with commercial distilling (i.e., 1810-1870); both men pass away in 1870, a little more than five months apart (about 155 days)

-At some point, while digging a well on his property, Abraham discovers coal; he is the first person to discover coal in that region and the first there to use coal as an energy resource for his home and businesses, often used to fuel steam engines

-At some point, Abraham operates his enterprise as A. Overholt Company

-Congress revises shipping policies, removing all embargoes, but states that if either Britain or France stops attacking American ships, the United States would begin an embargo against the other; Napoleon Bonaparte accepts this offer, promising President Madison that neutral rights would be honored; the agreement further angers the British, despite the fact that the French do not keep their promise and continue seizing neutral ships
-Henry Clay of Kentucky, the bright light of the new War Hawks politicians, is elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and is immediately elected Speaker of the House; Henry Clay pushes the War Hawk agenda, seeking war with Britain in order to end Native American raids on the frontier, believed to be supported by British Canada; the politicians are nationalistic in spirit, seeking to "restore the nation's honor," and expel the British from Canada
-Francis Cabot Lowell visits Lancashire, England, where he studies the British textile industry, paying particular attention to the power loom; he studies the loom and commits the plans to memory

-On July 4, Anna Stauffer Overholt (1812-1866) is born at "Overton Farm," the second child and first of two daughters of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) and Maria Stauffer (1791-1874); she marries (1830) John Tinstman (1807-1877) and they have ten children: Maria O., Jacob O., Abraham O. [A. O. Tinstman], Henry O., Anna O., John O., Elizabeth, Abigail, Emma, Christian S. O.

-Karen's Note: [MC725] Martin Overholt (1772-1835) is the fifth child and oldest son of [MC72] Henrich Oberholtzer (1739-1813) and Anna Beitler (1745-1835); he is the oldest brother of Abraham Overholt. Martin marries (1802) [JF156] Catharine Overholt (1781-1866), a daughter of [JF15] Rev. Abraham Oberholtzer of Bucks County, PA, from another branch of the extended "O" family. Martin and Catharine have seven children: Susanna, Esther, Anne, Abraham, Henry, John, Martin. Their sons have a double "Overholt" in their names [e.g., Abraham O. Overholt (1811-1893), Henry O. Overholt (1813-1880), John O. Overholt (1816-1877), Martin O. Overholt (1824-xxxx)]. The "O" initial gets passed down to subsequent generations of the family.

-Boston Manufacturing Company is founded in September by Francis Cabot Lowell, when The Boston Associates purchase the Boies Paper Mill site in Waltham, Massachusetts, with a plan to establish a revolutionary new power loom; using Paul Moody's improved power loom design, for the first time, all phases of cloth production could be brought under one roof; Moody develops a system of power transmission using a series of leather belts and pulleys powered by water turbines

-Hartford Convention begins (December 15) in Hartford, Connecticut; 26 delegates from New England states hold secret meetings through January 5, 1815; they discuss grievances concerning President Madison's prosecution of the ongoing War of 1812 and fears that the federal government is increasing its power, threatening to bring military despotism into the nation; radicals seek secession from the western states and entertain plans to seek a separate peace with Great Britain; they discuss removing the "three-fifths compromise," which gives slave states more power in Congress; the delegates draft a report proposing several amendments to the U.S. Constitution, then send three commissioners to Washington, D.C. to negotiate, arriving in February 1815; news of Andrew Jackson's victory in the Battle of New Orleans and the signing of the Treaty of Ghent has preceded them and they quickly return home; the Hartford Convention and the Federalists become synonymous with disunion, secession and treason, especially in the South; the Federalist Party is ruined and ceases to be a significant force in national politics
-Treaty of Ghent is signed (December 24) in Ghent, part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (today's Belgium), ending the War of 1812, between the United States and Great Britain; the treaty largely restores relations between the two nations with no loss of territory either way; the treaty is ratified in Great Britain on December 30, but the era's slow communications delays the news for weeks, so that the Battle of New Orleans is fought and the British achieve a victory in the Second Battle of Fort Bowyer, after it is signed; the treaty is not in effect until ratified by Congress

-On October 18, Christian Stauffer Overholt (1824-1911) is born at "Overton Farm," the seventh child and fifth son of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) and Maria Stauffer (1791-1874); he marries (1853) Katharine Lippencott Newmyer (1831-1894); they have six children: Alice C., Charles, Mary V., Elmer E., Anna May, William S.

-Karen's Note: Genealogist A. J. Fretz describes Christian as "a business man of long and wide experience" with "prominent connection with financial and industrial affairs," as well as "an admirable and valuable member of the Pennsylvania Board of Commissioners." He was the manager of A. Overholt and Company at Broad Ford, PA, and afterwards, for many years president of the First National Bank of Mt. Pleasant, PA, before moving to Philadelphia. Christian S. Overholt is the direct MC ancestor of the OFA's Barbara B. Ford, compiler of The Oberholtzer Book.

-After 24 years in business, Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) has shown himself to be a public-spirited man, who conducts his farm and business affairs in an energetic but orderly fashion, never disappointing a creditor and an employer who is gentle with his employees

-Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) builds his own brick flouring mill on his "Overton Farm" property; the Overholt sons cease hauling grain on poor roads to be milled in nearby towns; the "Overton" mill operates for the next 25 years, producing a superior quality flour, and milled corn and rye for the production of both corn whiskey and rye whiskey

-Henry Stauffer Overholt (1810-1870) purchases a half-interest in his father's business; the company name becomes A. and H. S. Overholt Company; records show Henry is a respected farmer, distiller and miller, who excels as a manager and businessman

-On September 13, Abraham Overholt Tinstman (1834-1915) [aka A. O. Tinstman] is born, a son of Anna Stauffer Overholt (1812-1866) and John Tinstman (1807-1877) and a grandson of Abraham Overholt; at 25 years of age, he takes charge of the mill, distillery and land of A. Overholt and Company at Broad Ford, becoming his grandfather's partner in 1864; he marries (1875) Harriet Cornelia Markle (1847-1926), a daughter of Gen. Cyrus Painter Markle (aka Gen. C. P. Markle); they have one child: Cyrus Painter Markle Tinstman (1878-1941)

-Henry Stauffer Overholt (1810-1870) and Jacob Stauffer Overholt (1814-1859), the two oldest sons of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870), begin to shoulder all the responsibilities for running "Overton Farm" and the Overholt whiskey business

Henrich Oberholtzer > Abraham Overholt > Abraham Stauffer Overholt > George Washington Overholt

-Karen's Note: This George W. Overholt is not to be confused with another George W. Overholt (b. April 24, 1869), a son of Abraham Fox Overholt (1841-1927) and Martha Rist (1845-1881); Abraham Fox Overholt is a son of Jacob Stauffer Overholt (1814-1859) and Mary Fox (1816-1895); Jacob Stauffer Overholt (1814-1859) is a son of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) and Maria Stauffer (1791-1874)

Henrich Oberholtzer > Abraham Overholt > Jacob Stauffer Overholt > Abraham Fox Overholt > George W. Overholt

-Texas is admitted to the Union on December 29

-On September 28, John Stauffer Overholt (1826-1846) dies unexpectedly, three months after his twentieth birthday; he is the youngest child of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) and Maria Stauffer (1791-1874) and the first of their children to pass away; John dies unmarried; Maria is so moved by his death that a carton of his keepsakes remains under her bed until the day she dies

-On December 12, 1846, Sarah Ann Overholt is born; she is the first child of Henry S. Overholt (1810-1870) and Abigail Carpenter (1824-1898); in years to come, she and her family will be the last Overholts to live in the Abraham Overholt Homestead House at West Overton

-Armed conflict between U.S. and Mexican troops results from Mexican resentment over the U.S. annexation of Texas and an ongoing border dispute with Texas, Texas claiming the Rio Grande as its southern border and Mexico claiming the Nueces River farther north as the border;
-Mexican-American War begins when Congress issues a declaration of war on May 13; battles are fought mostly in northeastern and central Mexico; it becomes the only major military dispute that occurs between the two nations

-On December 19, Henry Clay Frick (1849-1919) is born at "Overton Farm," the second child of Elizabeth Stauffer Overholt (1819-1905) and first son of John W. Frick (1822-1889); he is a grandson of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) and Maria Stauffer (1791-1874); in his youth, he is known to all as "Clay Frick" and years later, he marries (1881) Adalaide Childs (1859-1931) of Pittsburgh, PA; they have four children: Childs, Martha (d. young), Helen, Henry, Jr. (d. infant)
.

-A cooper shop to make the barrels is present at "Overton Farm" by at least 1850, when it produced 12,000 casks. The company ledger records only minor numbers of barrels being sold to locals, for more than enough of them were used by the distillery (2,750 barrels in 1850) and the flour mill (10,800 barrels). In 1850, the distillery was listed as entailing a capital investment of $13,000, producing a gross income of $17,990, and employing three men. The mill required an investment of only $3,000, but brought in $32,000. (HABS/HAER Report on West Overton (1990), page 3)
.

-Overholt names show up in historic newspapers, before and during the Civil War years, not only in whiskey advertisements, but also in serious discussions about railroads. Abraham Overholt and other members of the family and extended family are listed as leaders, participants, or stockholders in local railroad enterprises.

-Henry D. Overholt (1797-1856), son of an older brother of Abraham Overholt, namely Jacob Overholt (1795-1878) and Elizabeth Detweiler (1775-1849), was especially active in railroad conventions and transportation matters; as far back as May 1838, and as close to his death as December 1854, Henry D. Overholt is listed in newspaper articles as attending and/or working at conventions; he is a well-known local farmer and "a lawyer notary for Fayette County." Henry D. Overholt marries (1824) Elizabeth Sherrick (1803-1864); they have six children: Anna, Jacob, John, Elizabeth, Susan, Henry; events surrounding his unexpected death by hanging are curious

-On June 28, "merchant" Christian Stauffer Overholt (1824-1911) marries (1853) Katharine Lippencott Newmyer (1831-1894); Christian is the seventh child and fifth son of Abraham Overholt; over the next 13 years, their six children are born: Alice, Charles, Mary, Elmer, Anna May, William

-On the same date, May 29, 1854, Abraham Overholt deeds a 24-acre segment of "Overton Farm" to Christian S. Overholt (1824-1911) , which includes the lot in "Overton" on which is erected the large brick store and dwelling house -- and other valuable improvements; Abraham also conveys to Christian a 252-acre farm just to the northwest of the village
.

-Railroad reaches the Mississippi River

-Jacob Stauffer Overholt (1814-1859) brings his cousin Henry O. Overholt (1813-1880) into the Broad Ford enterprise as a partner with a one-third interest in the business; they produce Monongahela Whiskey, despite the fact that the distillery is located on the Youghiogheny River, not the Monongahela River

-Jacob S. Overholt establishes a saw-mill at Broad Ford, "mainly for supplying the firm with materials with which to build up a then-prospective village and a distillery, which in time became the most famous of the Overholt distilleries."

-Jacob S. Overholt oversees the building projects at Broad Ford, originally containing only three dwellings, which shortly grows into a busy village; he is "a man of great energy and business activity and integrity ... and everybody's friend, noted for his charity, never allowing the needy to go unserved by his door."

-Karen's Note: Henry O. Overholt (1813-1880) is a son of Martin Overholt (1772-1835) and Catharine Overholt (1781-1866), daughter of Rev. Abraham Oberholtzer from another branch of the extended "O" family; Martin Overholt is a son of Henrich Oberholtzer (1739-1813) and Anna Beitler (1745-1835); Henry O. Overholt is originally known for his excellent weaving skills, when the family produces "coverlids" as a business enterprise

-On April 19, Abraham Overholt marks his 75th birthday; he and wife Maria expect to celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary the next day; however, their son, Jacob, dies on that day

-On April 20, Jacob Stauffer Overholt (1814-1859) dies from "his last illness" and leaves his widow, Mary Fox (1816-1895), and their seven surviving children (Abraham, Isaac, Mary Anne, Fenton, Christian, Jacob, Emma) without a husband and father; the future of the Broad Ford distillery is in jeopardy

-Abraham Overholt steps up to purchase Jacob’s two-thirds interest in the Broad Ford distillery; the price he pays for Jacob's two-thirds interest will provide financial support for Jacob's widow and seven surviving children; with his nephew Henry O. Overholt continuing as a partner, Abraham operates the business as A. Overholt and Company

-At the age of 25, Abraham Overholt Tinstman (1834-1915) (aka A. O. Tinstman) is working as a farmer on the Broad Ford farm owned by his grandfather, Abraham Overholt; Abraham decides to bring in this grandson to be the manager of the Broad Ford distillery complex; thereafter, the output reaches a daily capacity of 200 bushels of grain and 860 gallons of whiskey

-After 49 years of distilling at "Overton Farm," Abraham Overholt pulls down his stone distillery and brick flouring mill and builds a six-story combined mill and distillery building (that still exists on site); the capacity of the distillery is 200 bushels per day, the capacity of the mill is 50 barrels of flour per day

-On December 19, 1859, another grandson of Abraham Overholt celebrates his tenth birthday, namely Henry Clay Frick (1849-1919)

-Oil discovered at Titusville in northwest Pennsylvania

-Described as "ever ardent" regarding politics, Abraham Overholt "unites" with the newly formed Republican party, and takes "extreme interest in its welfare" as "a warm Lincoln man," and during the war between the states, he is "deeply aroused over the affairs of the country"

-South Carolina secedes from the Union
-President Lincoln’s favorite whiskey is reported to be Overholt rye whiskey

-A. Overholt and Company Whiskey is the product produced by the "Overton" and Broad Ford distilleries

-On Tuesday, July 3, 1860, Abraham Overholt visits the tomb of George Washington at Mt. Vernon, Virginia, along with one of his grown sons and D. P. Patterson; they pose for an ambrotype photograph; subsequently, on Friday, July 6, The Philadelphia Press, publishes Arrivals at the Principal Hotels as of midnight July 5; a list from The Union Hotel includes A. Overholt, Overton and D. P. Patterson, Overton; presumably, Abraham and his son shared a room

-By this time, "the fame of Overholt whiskey had spread the length and breadth of the land. Those who boated whiskey down the western rivers declared that Overholt commanded a premium price throughout the southern and western markets. It went across the plains and the Rocky Mountains into the far reaches of the West with the expanding frontier."

-Many young men from "Overton" families serve the Union in the War Between the States, some perish from wartime diseases and some die of wounds from battle; what is little known is the existence of soldiers fighting for the Southern states that are named Overholt, or other versions of the name, due to the fact that some of our earliest European immigrant ancestors ended up putting down roots in Virginia

-Abraham Overholt makes his whiskey available to Union soldiers (possibly to surgeons, and for other medicinal purposes) and "in his anxiety over the state of the country," at nearly eighty years of age, he visits "the seat of war twice ... to encourage soldiers in the field with whom he was personally acquainted."

-At age 14, Henry Clay Frick clerks at the store of his uncle Christian Stauffer Overholt (1824-1911) at home in "Overton"

-Abraham Overholt accepts his grandson Abraham Overholt Tinstman (1834-1915) [aka A. O. Tinstman] as a partner in A. Overholt and Company; doubtless the partnership was purchased by Tinstman

-Abraham Overholt Tinstman (1834-1915) (aka A. O. Tinstman), a grandson of Abraham Overholt, buys 600 acres of coal land adjoining the village of Broad Ford with his partner Joseph Rist

-At age 16, Henry Clay Frick moves to the nearby town of Mount Pleasant to clerk for his uncle Martin Stauffer Overholt (1822-1899) in the Overholt and Shallenberger store; for the next three years, young Frick lives and works there, attends college sporadically and attends the Baptist Church

-President Lincoln is assassinated
-Andrew Johnson is 17th President of the United States of America
-President Johnson begins Reconstruction

-Abraham Overholt Tinstman (1834-1915) [aka A. O. Tinstman] opens the Morgan Mines in partnership with Col. A. S. M. Morgan and engages in making coke; Morgan and Company controls nearly all the coking business of this region and builds a mile of railroad to secure an outlet for their product

-Abraham Overholt loans grandson A. O. Tinstman the sum of $20,000 to invest in the lucrative Morgan Mines in Broad Ford Run Valley

-At the Overholt and Shallenberger store in Mt. Pleasant, Martin Stauffer Overholt (1822-1899) finds just cause to fire Henry Clay Frick, who returns to "Overton Farm" to seek help from his grandmother Maria Stauffer Overholt, who immediately seeks out her husband, Abraham Overholt, who puts the young Frick on a horse and rides with him straight to the Broad Ford distillery; Abraham talks with his nephew, A. O. Tinstman, who then hires Frick as an office boy at $25 per month

-Christian Stauffer Overholt (1824-1911) secures a position at Pittsburgh’s Macrum and Carlisle for his nephew, Henry Clay Frick, where he, at age 19, clerks in the linen and lace department for $6.00 per week; Frick borrows $50 from "a relative" to buy a new suit of clothes; he attends the First Presbyterian Church in downtown Pittsburgh, a church built with the help of wealthy Pittsburgh boot and shoe manufacturer Asa P. Childs; years later, Frick marries (1881) a daughter of Asa P. Childs, namely, Adelaide Howard Childs

-Henry Clay Frick contracts typhoid fever shortly after starting a new job at another Pittsburgh establishment; he returns to "Overton Farm" to receive care, administered by his mother, grandmother and sister; thereafter, young Frick works at the "Overton" distillery as a salesman and helps the bookkeeper, working three months without pay, presumably to repay accrued debts

-A. O. Tinstman (1834-1915) hires Henry Clay Frick at the Broad Ford distillery “to take care of the office” at a salary of $1,000 per year (i.e., roughly $83 per month)

-U.S. Congress attempts to establish a federal trademark regime, however, the Supreme Court strikes it down in the Trade-Mark Cases
-The Mellon Bank is founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by retired judge Thomas Mellon, who has acquired great wealth from investments based on requiring judgments on mortgages and personal security loans, using "debt without writ" documents that allow an attorney or court officer to confess judgment and seize a debtor's property without the fuss of a trial

-Karen's Note: Thomas Mellon grew up near "Overton Farm," and he and his family knew the Overholt family well; Thomas was known to be a special friend of Elizabeth S. Overholt, Abraham Overholt's younger daughter

-On January 15, Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) dies at "Overton Farm," leaving an estate of about $350,000 to immediate members of his family -- twenty-year-old Henry Clay Frick is not named among them
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-On Arpil 6, the Mount Pleasant and Broad Ford Railroad Company is incorporated, with a capital stock of $200,000; the corporators are Daniel Shupe, C. S. Overholt, J. B. Jordan, William J. Hitchman, Joseph R. Stauffer, A. O. Tinstman, Israel Painter, C. P. Markle, James Neel; the line is completed and is opened on Saturday, February 18, 1871

-A. O. Tinstman (1834-1915) organizes the Mount Pleasant and Broad Ford Railroad Company and is chosen president; they build a new railroad line connecting with the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad Company at Broad Ford; A. O. Tinstman continues as president until 1876, when the entire road is sold to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

-Henry Stauffer Overholt (1810-1870), oldest of Abraham Overholt's children and joint owner with him of the West Overton distillery, mill and farm, retires and dissolves the brief partnership between himself and his father's executors, namely, his brothers Christian Stauffer Overholt and Martin Stauffer Overholt, and his cousin Jacob Overholt Tinstman

-On June 18, Henry Stauffer Overholt (1810-1870) dies at West Overton, a little more than five months after his father, Abraham Overholt, passed away; now the three most essential entrepreneurs of Overton Farm and the Overholt whiskey enterprises (i.e., Abraham, Henry and Jacob) are no longer present to guide the family or their financial future

-Karen's Note: The next generations of the Overholt family continue to expand their horizons in business, banking and industrial enterprises, but their successes -- and there are many -- tend to take them farther and farther away from the heart and soul of West Overton and Broad Ford. The familial, philosophical and physical centers of Abraham Overholt's Overton Farm and rye whiskey business slowly become ripe for corporate takeover, mostly because the men who are becoming the "movers and shakers" of burgeoning industries have left behind the era of gentlemen entrepreneurs who made business deals with mutual trust and a handshake. Business activity is rapidly becoming a vicious circle of "dog-eat-dog" with the emergence of monopolies.

-A. O. Tinstman forms another coke company, associated with Joseph Rist and cousin Henry Clay Frick, under the firm name of Frick and Company; they build 200 coke ovens; later the site is known as the “Novelty” and the “Henry Clay Works”

-Henry Clay Frick goes to Pittsburgh, where unannounced, he asks to see Thomas Mellon at his Mellon Bank; Frick benefits from Mellon's friendship with his mother when they both were young, plus the Overholt family name and reputation, along with Frick's display of some measure of business accumen; coming away with $10,000 at ten percent interest for six months, Frick builds 50 coke ovens at Broad Ford; later he obtains from Mellon another $10,000 before the first loan is paid off

-A. O. Tinstman suffers severe losses in the financial panic of 1873

-Acting alone and on his own initiative, Henry Clay Frick tracks down the stockholders of the Mt. Pleasant and Broad Ford Railroad, obtains their signatures on options, then offers the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad a deal they cannot refuse -- the Broad Ford railroad line at cost ($200,000); Frick earns a $50,000 commission for himself in the bargain; quite literally, Frick manages to sell off the signature accomplishment of his cousin, A. O. Tinstman, right from under him, while Tinstman is still serving as the company president

-A. O. Tinstman brings in his brother, C. S. O. Tinstman, into his whiskey business, A. Overholt and Company at Broad Ford, PA; this brother is Christian Stauffer Overholt Tinstman (1851-xxxx), youngest son of John Tinstman (1807-1877) and Anna Stauffer Overholt (1812-1866), daughter of Abraham Overholt (1784-1870) and Maria Stauffer (1791-1874)

-A. O. Tinstman and his partner Col. A. S. M. Morgan seek to consolidate their lucrative Morgan Mines with Frick and Company; Frick offers $550,000 against the $650,000 asking price; the deal does not go through

-On or before November 1, 1874, Maria Stauffer Overholt, widow of Abraham Overholt, dies at West Overton at the age of 83; at the time of her death, she is the mother of eight children, the grandmother of 48 grandchildren (including Henry Clay Frick) and the great-grandmother of 25 great-grandchildren; everything husband Abraham Overholt set aside for his wife's welfare -- money and property -- now is untethered and can be used by others
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-By February, Henry Clay Frick is critically ill in another round of "inflammatory rheumatism;" his relatives move him from his Broad Ford dwelling to a room in the Abraham Overholt Homestead House, where he is nursed by members of his family; a full year goes by before his health returns

-On July 1, A. O Tinstman marries Harriet Cornelia Markle (1847-1926 ), daughter of Gen. Cyrus Painter Markle, of Westmoreland County; they have one son: Cyrus Painter Markle Tinstman (1878-1941)

-By October, Henry Clay Frick has the deed to the Morgan Mines executed and delivered to his cousin A. O. Tinstman and Col. A. S. M. Morgan, leaving open for them the possibility of recovery by stipulating that if Tinstman repays the notes (amounting to $60,000) within two years, together with any interest on the $10,000 note, the “deed of conveyance should become null and void”

-Secured by the B and O Railroad deal, Henry Clay Frick further strengthens his financial base by paying his employees in Frick Dollar Bills and building his first company store

-A. O Tinstman and his brother C. S. O. Tinstman are proprietors of A. Overholt and Company at Broad Ford, PA

-Gold rush in the Black Hills
-Rutherford B. Hayes elected 19th President of the United States of America

-A. O. Tinstman sells his interest in A. Overholt and Company to his brother C. S .O.Tinstman, together with the right to use the firm name as a brand and trade mark; C. S. O. Tinstman and Christopher Fritchman become partners and proprietors of A. Overholt and Company at Broad Ford, PA

-First national strike over Pennsylvania Railroad labor practices leads to riots, looting and deaths, which forever polarizes America between the antagonistic forces of capital and labor

-Henry Clay Frick warns strikers to vacate the shacks along the railroad line that his cousin A. O. Tinstman spearheaded and presided over as company president; later Frick helps a deputy evict James King, throwing him into a creek -- it is a story about Frick that never dies

-A. O. Tinstman is unable to buy back his interest in the Morgan Mines, so the mines officially become the property of Henry Clay Frick

-Henry Clay Frick sells shares in Frick and Company to Edmund M. Ferguson, then to Walton Ferguson the following year, renaming the business H. C. Frick and Company; Frick suffers another bout of inflammatory rheumatism; he stays at the home of Edmund M. Ferguson in Pittsburgh for a year while recovering

-In 1878 and 1880, A. O. Tinstman buys options on large tracts of coal lands in the Connellsville region

-Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb
-All around West Overton, coal mining and coke production are impacting the agrarian culture; trees die from the smoke of coke furnaces and large sink holes appear in local pastures as mining tunnels collapse; miners and beehive coke oven workers suffer death in accidents or lose their health because of polluted air below ground and above ground; the once-fresh streams and rivers are polluted; serious diseases and debilitating illnesses are familiar tragedies

-On December 19, Henry Clay Frick quietly celebrates his 30th birthday, buying a Havana cigar on credit; he has accomplished his life’s ambition of being worth a million dollars

-A. O. Tinstman sells "at a good advance over cost price" about 8500 acres to E. K. Hyndman, who about that period organizes the Connellsville Coal and Iron Company; Tinstman also sells 3,500 acres of coal land at a good profit, establishes the firm of A. O. Tinstman and Co. in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, then buys a half interest in the Rising Sun Coke Works on the June Bug Branch of the Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad

-Building project #3 commences at Broad Ford distillery; by utilizing coal for steam power, the daily capacity increases to 800 bushels of grain and 3,450 gallons of whiskey

-With a document dated March 1, Henry Clay Frick obtains from the executors of Abraham Overholt (i.e., Martin Stauffer Overholt (1822-1899) and Christian Stauffer Overholt (1824-1911), both sons of Abraham) the right to use the A. Overholt and Company name “at the distillery property in Connellsville township, Fayette County, PA,” for the consideration of one dollar “and other good and valuable considerations”
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-On March 12, partners C. S. O. Tinstman and Christopher Fritchman enter into another two-year agreement with James G. Pontefract, granting him (until April 1, 1883) the right to use the name of the firm A. Overholt and Company and the various brands at the Broad Ford distillery

-Karen's Note: Tinstman and Fritchman must be totally unaware of what Frick is doing, regarding securing the rights of the trademark Overholt name and ownership of the Broad Ford distillery complex. And they must be unaware that Pontefract is willing to support Frick in a corporate takeover.

-According to Henry Clay Frick, before the Pontefract lease expires on April 1, he has purchased the undivided one-third interest in the firm A. Overholt & Company from the First National Bank of Uniontown “and others”

-By March 23, Henry Clay Frick owns the undivided two-thirds of “a certain tract of land in Connellsville Township, Fayette County, PA” on which are erected a distillery, warehouse, and other improvements, and known as the A. Overholt & Company Distillery, and James G. Pontefract owns the undivided one-third interest; Frick leases the site to Pontefract for five years for the “manufacture, storage and sale of whiskey on said premises”

-Karen's Note: One has to wonder if Frick offers Pontefract "the undivided one-third interest" in A. Overholt and Company before or after he makes his Broad Ford land purchase. Most people at the time might have figured Frick needed to purchase most of the land at Broad Ford for the sake of coal and coke production, but the whole Overholt distillery complex is built on that land. Frick buys the land and everything on it, thereby securing two huge business opportunities for himself with one unique slight-of-hand maneuver.

-According to Henry Clay Frick, by the latter part of March 1881, he has purchased the undivided two-thirds interest in the Broad Ford distillery property, including all brands and marks from his cousin C. S. O. Tinstman and Christopher Fritchman

-According to his own testimony, on April 1, Henry Clay Frick, leased the firm A. Overholt & Company to James G. Pontefract to make and mark “whiskey manufactured thereat”

-Karen's Note: If coal veins were the prime reason to own the Broad Ford land, Frick might have demolished the distillery complex to gain direct access to the coal, but that is not what he did. Thereafter, no matter what, whether the value of the coal and coke business rises or falls, Frick holds onto the distillery complex, rebuilds it over and over again, maintains his grandfather's name of the company, and creates a new label, OLD OVERHOLT. He did not do this for the sake of the Overholt family. He did it for his own sake, wanting it all for himself and for whomever he tapped to join him in owning it, like the Mellon brothers, circa 1905.

-On or about April 1, according to their own testimony, C. S. O. Tinstman and Christopher Fritchman acknowledge that they ceased to own the business and distillery property (at Broad Ford), but they still maintain the validity of their lease granted to James G. Pontefract for the use of the firm name A. Overholt and Company until April 1, 1883

-On December 15, four days before Henry Clay Frick will celebrate his 32nd birthday, he marries 22-year-old Adelaide Howard Childs, a daughter of wealthy Pittsburgh boot and shoe manufacturer Asa P. Childs; early in their marriage, they have four children: Childs, Martha (d. young), Helen, Henry Jr. (d. infant)

-On July 23, at 11 p.m., the Broad Ford distillery complex suffers a fire that destroys the main building, three bonded warehouses and 7,000 barrels of whiskey in three hours; the buildings are wood frame, not brick or stone, so nothing stops the conflagration; the gross value of the fire is reported to be $550,000, with the loss of buildings and machinery at $115,000; one warehouse with 600 barrels of whiskey is saved

-On July 30, The Somerset Herald publishes a story about the distillery fire, saying, "The heat of the fire was intense, and the flames lit up the country for miles. Burning whisky flowed down the river. Twenty-five barrels were rolled away and the whisky dipped up by a mob. There were hundreds of drunken men."

-A. O. Tinstman sells all his coke interests and engages in the purchase and sale of coal lands in Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia

-Karen's Note: It would be good to have the details of this lawsuit, and whether or not it ever reached the point of securing a decision from the Court. I have certainly searched the Internet, but have not located it. Maybe I have looked in all the wrong places.

-Benjamin Harrison is elected 23rd President of the United States of America

-The investigation surrounding the causes of the Johnstown Flood implicates H. C. Frick, his South Fork club project, and the earthen dam at the site that failed; survivors are thwarted in attempts to recover damages from the wealthy owners, prompting changes in American law -- from fault-based to strict liability

-Henry Clay Frick is made chairman of Carnegie Brothers and Company; he is tasked with reorganizing their steel business, ultimately developing it into the largest manufacturer of steel and coke in the world

-The Homestead Strike impacts H. C. Frick; given permission to break the union, Frick had full control of the events in Homestead, prompting anarchist Alexander Berkman's attempt to assassinate him on July 23, shooting and stabbing him; because Frick fights back, the attack fails in its mission; Frick survives and returns home to recuperate

-Karen's Note: Author Martha Frick Symington Sanger describes this episode of Frick's life in one of her books. In the aftermath of the assassination attempt, Frick returns home in bad shape. His wife Adelaide is in extreme distress to see her husband in such a condition. She is given medication to calm her fears, during a time when she is dutifully breastfeeding her newborn son. The baby becomes listless and dies in his sleep, having never been given a name. Following the death of the baby, before he is taken away to be buried, a household servant identifies him as Henry Clay Frick, Jr.

-Grover Cleveland is elected 24th President of the United States of America

-On October 13, Karen's grandfather, GEORGE Frederick Overholt (1892-1966), is born in the town of Mount Pleasant, PA; he is the son of George Washington Overholt (1845-1908) and Agnes G. Riffle (1904-1930) and a great-grandson of Abraham Overholt; George becomes a gifted pianist; as a young man, he commands his own small orchestra; later he is a showman during the heyday of Vaudeville; on one occasion, he conducts the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra; he marries Esther Mae Willis (1904-1930); they have two children: (Arthur) FREDERIC John Overholt (1924-1985) & Ralph Edward Overholt (1927-1990)
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-United States Steel Corporation is founded
-Assassination of President William McKinley
-Theodore Roosevelt is 26th President of the United States of America

-Henry Clay Frick, Andrew W. Mellon and Richard B. Mellon are equal partners in the firm A. Overholt and Company at Broad Ford, PA; the distillery complex operates with a daily capacity of 1,500 bushels of grain and 6,450 gallons of whiskey

-On Sunday, November 20, the Broad Ford Overholt Distillery suffers a devastating fire; The Weekly Courier in Connellsville, PA, publishes a wide-ranging article, Big Fire at the Overholt Distillery, on Thursday, November 24, relating the dramatic events surrounding a fire destroying "Ware House D," leading to an estimated loss of $800,000 in destroyed whiskey, loss of business, and payment of tax on the whiskey

-Karen's Note: The grandsons mentioned in the article were Benjamin Franklin Overholt (1848-1816) and Abraham Carpenter Overholt (1858-1923), sons of Henry S. Overholt (1810-1870) and Abigail Carpenter (1824-1898). Henry was the oldest son of Abraham Overholt and Maria Stauffer.

-The trademark OLD FARM is used in commerce at West Overton Distilling Company, perhaps beginning March 1, 1906, if not earlier; filing for the mark will not be done until the autumn of 1929; West Overton Distilling Company also uses the trademark West Overton Rye

-Pure Food and Drug Act
-U.S. invades Cuba

-On August 31, Benjamin Franklin Overholt (1848-1916) and Ralph Overholt (1870-1956) are among the investors and directors filing a certificate of incorporation in West Virginia for the Fairmont and Southern Railroad Company, seeking to build a new railroad line from Belington, West Virginia, via. Grafton and Fairmont to a point at or near the City of Pittsburgh, PA; Benjamin is a son of Henry S. Overholt (1810-1870) and Abigail Carpenter (1824-1898); Benjamin's nephew, Ralph, is a son of his sister, Sarah Ann Overholt (1846-1921) and cousin Aaron S. R. Overholt (1837-1905); Sarah Ann and Aaron, along with their sons Ralph and Clyde, are the last Overholt family to live in the Abraham Overholt Homestead House. As an adult, Ralph lived in Pittsburgh.

-Karen's Note: A Tribune-Review news article from 2003, Railroads contributed greatly to area's economic development, lists the Everett, Fairmont, Morgantown and Pittsburgh Railroad as prior to 1890, the Pittsburgh and Southern Railroad (1879), the Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railroad (prior to 1896).

-On September 3, 1907, the front page under the banner of The Fairmont West Virginian newspaper declares in their largest font, NEW RAILROAD LINE PROJECTED FROM BELINGTON TO PITTSBURG [sic]; font about half that size adds, FAIRMONT AND SOUTHERN WILL FIGHT THE B. AND N. The two articles below tell the story, showing how complicated it could be to build a railroad line.
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-On June 10, Karen's grandfather, GEORGE Frederick Overholt (1892-1966) graduates with the senior class of 1908 in the Mount Pleasant Institute 35th annual commencement in the Grand Opera House of Mount Pleasant, PA; he performs on piano for three of the eight events that were scheduled over five days, from Saturday afternoon, June 6, to Wednesday night, June 10; at the Graduate Recital on Tuesday afternoon, GEORGE performs An der Quelle by Piutti and Rhapsodie by Brahme; at the Senior Reception on Tuesday evening, he performs an instrumental solo; at the Graduation Night exercises on Wednesday, he performs The Brook by Pape

-On Thursday, June 11, 1908, The Mount Pleasant Journal publishes an extensive article about the events comprising the 35th annual commencement at Mount Pleasant Institute, mentioning all the students who participated in the Under-Graduate Recital, Declamation Contests, Baccalaureate Sermon, Musical Contests, Graduate Recital, Senior Reception, and Graduation Night
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-On March 28, Henry Clay Frick, Andrew W. Mellon and R. B. Mellon are still equal partners in the firm A. Overholt and Company at Broad Ford; Mellon writes to Frick about the “110,000,000 gallons of beverage spirits of all kinds,” and speculates about profits after being ordered to shut down, due to Prohibition

-West Overton Distilling Company is shut down due to Prohibition

-Broad Ford's Overholt Distillery remains in operation “for medicinal purposes,” with a capacity of 1,800 bushels of grain and 7,700 gallons of whiskey per day; later the capacity rises to 2,270 bushels of grain and 9,760 gallons of whiskey per day

-On December 2, Henry Clay Frick dies at his home in New York City, and is buried three days later in Pittsburgh, PA, following a private funeral attended by Andrew Mellon, the executor of his will; Frick leaves one-sixth of his fortune to his family, and the rest to charitable institutions in New York, Pittsburgh and the West Overton-Connellsville Coke Region; Frick bequeaths 15 million dollars for an endowment and his Fifth Avenue mansion to New York City to establish The Frick Collection, a trove of paintings, bronzes, and enamels he had collected over a 40-year period; Frick's other gifts include a 150-acre park and a two million dollar endowment to the city of Pittsburgh, plus liberal contributions to Princeton University

-In December 1935, The Frick Collection is finally opened to the public, bequeathed to New York City upon his death in December 1919; fifteen million dollars for an endowment and his Fifth Avenue mansion were bequeathed to New York City to establish The Frick Collection, consisting of paintings, bronzes and enamels collected over a 40-year period of his life, along with the mansion furnishings